Zhang Yi Zhong's Background
Zhang
Yi Zhong was born just West of Shanghai, China, in 1921. His martial arts career
started with the study of Shaolin while he was still in elementary school. Zhang
attended middle school and high school in Shanghai and during that time also
started studying Wu style Tai Ji Quan. Zhang says that when he was in high school
he had heard about the arts of Ba Gua Zhang and Xing Yi Quan through the reputation
of Sun Lu Tang, but he did not study those arts. Another subject that Zhang
studied while he was in Shanghai, which would prove valuable later in his life,
was the Japanese language.
When Zhang
was in his early twenties he got a job working for the Nationalist Government
in Shanghai. World War II had just ended and with the Japanese withdrawal from
Taiwan, the Chinese government needed to go to Taiwan and take things over from
the Japanese. Zhang Yi Zhong was part of the contingent that went to Taiwan
from mainland China in 1946 to help establish the Chinese government there.
Zhang says that he was literally on the third ship to leave Shanghai after the
end of WWII.
Historically,
the internal styles of Chinese martial arts did not really begin appearing in
Taiwan until 1948-1949 when the Northerners began fleeing the Communists in
mainland China. Therefore, when Zhang arrived in Taiwan in 1946, the martial
arts which were primarily being taught there where the Shaolin arts that had
come over to Taiwan from Fu Jian Province. Zhang said that when he arrived in
Taiwan, he continued practicing his Wu Style Tai Ji on his own, however, he
was still very interested in continuing his study of martial arts in Taiwan.
Since there was no Tai Ji, he went around to various instructors and learned
whatever arts they were teaching. He says, with a slightly embarrassed expression,
that as a young man he had a dream of being a martial arts movie choreographer,
so he thought it would be good to study many different styles of martial arts.
Zhang's first
exposure to the internal martial arts in Taiwan came from Wang Shu din's teaching
of Chen Pan Ling's integrated Tai Ji system. At the time, Zhang was working
for the treasury department. Next door to his office was the tax department.
Zhang said that many of the individuals working in the tax department were interested
in learning Tai Ji for health and so they contacted the local Martial Arts Association
to see if they could get an instructor to come to the office and teach. Chen
Pan Ling, who was the head of the Martial Arts Association, sent Wang Shu Jin.
When Wang
showed up to teach at the government offices there were about 100 people interested
in studying Tai Ji from him. Zhang said that he watched what Wang was teaching,
and although he had never seen the particular form that was being taught. He
thought it looked good, so he began taking the class while continuing to practice
his Wu style Tai Ji on his own.
After Zhang
began studying with Wang at work, he found out that the Martial Arts Association
also had a weekend gathering. Zhang began attending these gatherings to further
his study with Wang Shu Jin. At one of the practice sessions, Chen Pan Ling
picked Zhang out of the crowd and began showing him some corrections and teaching
him some new things. Zhang said that although Wang Shu Jin was the functional
teacher at these classes, Chen Pan Ling and some of the other elders would occasionally
give advise and suggestions. It was at these weekend gatherings that Zhang also
studied Xing Yi Quan and Ba Gua Zhang with Wang Shu Jin.
When asked
about the teaching styles of Chen Pan Ling and Wang Shu din, Zhang said that
neither of these gentleman provided a great deal of detail in their teaching.
He said that both teachers were highly skilled and very strong, however, they
did not analyze and provide details about what they were doing, they just did
it. Asking questions of the teacher was discouraged. Zhang said that if you
asked a question, the teacher would become angry, so you really had to be clever
to figure things out. Zhang said that these teachers would show the movements
of the forms and give a small bit of explanation, but it was up to the student
to practice hard and explore his or her own realizations about the movements
and techniques.
In addition
to Wang Shu Jin's Ba Gua, Zhang also studied another system of Ba Gua which
was taught by a man named Wang Jia Rui in Jia Yi. Jia Yi is a town in Taiwan
which lies between Tai Chung and Tai Nan. Zhang said that when he met Wang Jia
Rui, he was already teaching himself, however, when he saw Wang perform at a
martial arts demonstration he really liked what he saw and asked Wang if he
could study from him. When Zhang met Wang Jia Rui, Wang was already in his seventies.
Zhang said that Wang was skilled at both Ba Gua and Tong Bei and that Wang Jia
Rei's Ba Gua was more complicated than the Ba Gua he learned from Wang Shu Jin.
He also said that Wang Jia Rei's teaching was more application oriented.
In 1964,
Zhang Yi Zhong and Wang Shu Jin were both invited to attend a martial arts event
in Japan (Wang had been traveling to Japan to teach since 1960). During the
event, those Japanese who were interested in learning the Chinese styles of
martial arts were pleasantly surprised to find out that Zhang could speak their
language. Eager to learn more than they could absorb during a short visit, a
group of Japanese martial artists asked Zhang if he would stay in Japan and
open up a Chinese martial arts school. Zhang agreed to do so and spent the next
eight years living and teaching in Japan. Understanding why Zhang decided to
stay and teach Chinese martial arts in Japan is to understand Zhang Yi Zhong,
his teaching, and his philosophy.